The Types of Native American Instruments

For Native Americans, music is a crucial facet of daily life. It plays a massive role in their religious ceremonies, healing practices, and recreational activities. The types of Native American instruments used to create their music can range from percussion instruments, such as drums, clapsticks, and bells, to melodic instruments like flutes and whistles. Some instruments play a larger role than others — here’s what they are.

Drums

Drums are one of the most important Native American instruments, and the most frequently used. Traditional Native American drums come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes. The types of drums used in native culture range from smaller, handheld instruments to massive, multi-user powwow drums. Talented native artists both make and sell these authentic drums.

Drums tend to fall into one of three basic categories: single-headed drums, double-headed drums, and kettledrums. Each of these subcategories serve different uses. Kettledrums, for example, are widely used in shamanic rituals, ceremonial dances, and Longhouse social dances. At modern powwow gatherings, the powwow drum is used by close-knit drum groups to play traditional music.

Rattles

Rattles and shakers are typically used to complement the rhythm of Native American drums. They’re widely used in ceremonial dances and rituals. Turtle shell rattles, gourd rattles, bone rattles, and rawhide rattles are common to most Native American tribes.

Rattles are often filled with seeds. Some, like the turtle shell rattle, are filled with objects like cherry pits or turtle bones.

Bells

Bells are an important type of Native American instrument, but they’re also a fashionable and practical accessory. Ankle bells worn by dancers are used to keep the rhythm of traditional dances in line with the beat of the music.

Bells can also be attached to other parts of a dancer’s apparel. They can be sewn into the hem of their dresses or strapped around their wrists like bracelets.

Flutes

The flutes used for Native American music tend to be block flutes, which are similar in appearance to a recorder. Depending on the preference of both the tribe and flute player, they can have anywhere from three to six finger holes.

While traditionally used in courtship and healing rituals, the flute has become a large part of contemporary Native American society. It’s currently used for a wide range of activities, whether ceremonial or recreational. Flutes are generally constructed from wood or cane. Cedar, which has a strong significance for many tribes, is one of the more common choices.

These instruments are powerful, sacred components of Native American culture. Non-natives should remain respectful of native traditions. If you’re looking to learn more about Native American instruments, try reaching out to native experts, or consider visiting and supporting Native American-owned businesses and museums.